— Cements and GGBFS major composition was established by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) with a Bruker S4 Explorer spectrometer, on fused beads. Data were recovered and processed with the SpectraPlus software (Table 1).GGBFS has usually noticeable amounts of sulfur, usually between 0.2 and 3.5 wt.%, mostly under reduced …
— The set of alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) and concrete and the measures for set-retarding were reviewed. Due to the fast set of high and super high strength alkali-activated slag cement and ...
Water. You can use almost any natural water that is drinkable and has no pronounced taste or odor as mixing water for concrete. Excessive impurities in mixing water can affect setting time and concrete strength, and can also cause efflorescence, staining, corrosion of reinforcement, volume instability, and reduced durability.
— The examined SC pastes needed more time to initially set, while the final setting time was the same for both SC and PC. ... Slag Cement in concrete and mortar, ACI 233R-03, American concrete institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, 2003 ... (2012) Effect of particlesize of blast furnace slag on properties of portland cement. Proc Eng 27:231–236 ...
The use of slag cement as a cementitious material dates back to 1774, when a mortar was made using slag cement in combination with slaked lime (Mather 1957). In 1862, a …
— Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is a green construction material used to produce durable concrete. The secondary pozzolanic reactions can result in reduced pore connectivity; therefore, replacing partial amount of Portland cement (PC) with GGBS can significantly reduce the risk of sulfate attack, alkali–silica reactions and …
— The setting time of slag concrete may be longer compared to portland cement concrete especially in cold weather. The slower set will depend on the reactivity of the slag and the
— Highlights. •. Current applications of steel slag in concrete were presented. •. Its chemical composition and durability properties of steel slag in literature were …
— This work assesses the long-term durability of alkali-activated alternative binders, namely slag, as compared to regular Portland Cement in concrete under Alkali-silica reaction conditions. Six mix designs were chosen for this study, two using Portland Cement as the binder, and four with slag as the alkali-activated precursor.
Concrete containing slag cement in excess of 25% replacement dosage generally has noticeably slower set times than ordinary portland cement concrete. Time of set is …
The lighter color of slag cement concrete (compared with concrete made with other cementitious materials - see photo) is generally considered to be a positive benefit, as it not only improves the aesthetic look of concrete, but also increases concrete's reflectivity (albedo) which provides greater mitigation of the "urban heat island effect ...
— Before the start of the accelerated carbonation test (after 1, 3, 6 or 18 months curing), the initial value of the carbonation depth (x 0) was determined by the dyeing method as explained below.Subsequently, all sides of the concrete cubes (100 × 100 × 100 mm), except the one (moulding surface) which will be exposed to the environment with high …
— Alkali-activated slag (AAS) has the potential to be applied in winter construction due to its continuous hydration at subzero temperature. However, to further enhance the mechanical properties of AAS as structure repair material in cold regions, calcium oxide (CaO) at proportions of 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt% and 4 wt% were …
— Set an upper limit for ground granulated blast-furnace slag content in cement-based materials based on their carbonation resistance useful for material engineers. 2. Set a minimum period of wet curing valid for real reinforced concrete structures useful when civil engineers consider the wet curing time in building structures.
However, in the 1950s, slag cement became available in other countries as a separate product. The first granulation facility in the U.S. to make a separate slag cement product was Sparrows Point, Maryland, in the …
Ground granulated blast furnace slag have a color nearly white in appearance. The figure below shows GGBFS and ordinary Portland cement, to clearly show the color difference between them. Hence the use of GGBFS in concrete manufacture would give a light and brighter color to concrete unlike the dark grey color of ordinary cement concrete ...
— Concrete is the most widely used material in construction. It has the characteristics of strong plasticity, good economy, high safety, and good durability. As a kind of structural material, concrete must have sufficient strength to resist various loads. At the same time, due to the brittleness of concrete, compressive strength is the most …
The American Concrete Institute. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA, the American Concrete Institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensus-based standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for …
The American Concrete Institute (ACI) is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development and distribution of consensus-based standards, technical resources, educational programs, certification programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design, construction, and materials, who share a …
— In some studies, it has been demonstrated that using a composite mineral admixture known as ground-granulated blast-furnace slag-steel slag composite binder can increase the fluidity of fresh concrete, lengthen the cement's setting time, improve the pore structure of hardened paste and create concrete with a satisfactory compressive strength .
Slag cement will slow the set time of concrete to a greater degree than straight portland cement mixtures. The amount of slag cement used as a replacement for portland …
Effect of Slag Cement on Drying Shrinkage of Concrete by Jiqiu Yuan, Will Lindquist, David Darwin, and JoAnn Browning ACI Materials Journal, V. 112, No. 2, March-April 2015.
— The accumulation of phosphogypsum (PG) has become a significant environmental and economic challenge, making PG reuse an urgent concern. This study aims to explore the potential of combining PG with steel slag (SS), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and cement clinker (CC) to create excessive-sulfate …
— The results of the leaching tests of concrete mixtures with slag are similar to the results of traditional concrete. Therefore, slag encapsulation into the concrete seems to be a good strategy to manage this waste product, instead of it being deposited in landfills where it will pollute the environment by leaching.
— 1. Introduction. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) or in a more specific form ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHFRC) is a cementitious composite with superb mechanical and durability properties compared with ordinary concrete [1], [2].UHPC is characterized by a very low water-binder (w/b) ratio (0.16–0.20 …
Fly ash and Slag will typically be 18% cheaper than Portland cement. When a mix includes 20% fly ash, this will provide savings of 3.5% in cost. The advantage of slag is its ability to substitute more of cement. Giving savings of up to 9% in cement cost with a 50% slag to cement content ratio.
— The effect of a partial replacement of cement with slag cement on free shrinkage is evaluated for curing periods between 3 and 28 days. Mixtures include concrete containing different replacement ...
•Slag cement adiabatic temperature rise is dependent on the slag composition, with the Al 2 O 3 and MgO contents being important •Slag cement is slower reacting than OPC, but can produce higher adiabatic temperature rise in concrete than OPC after 7 days •Slag cement can reduce the temperature rise in mass concrete, and is
Hardened concrete containing slag cement may show mottled green or blue green areas on the surface in the first few days after placement. This temporary condition is commonly …
Slag Cement University is a central source of educational resources on slag cement use in concrete construction for university professors and students. Professors can easily incorporate the content of Slag Cement University …
— Accordingly, a curing time of seven days could be established as a threshold level to set a minimum curing time for mortar with a content of ground granulated blast-furnace slag higher than 28%; whereas a curing time of three days could be enough for cement-based materials with less than 28% blast-furnace slag [7].
— Today, cement and concrete are some of the most consumed materials after water throughout the whole world. About 4.1 billion tons of cement are fabricated annually (half a ton per person) and half of this amount is produced by China [5].In addition, >1 m 3 of concrete per person is produced with Portland cement each year [6].Today, Portland …
Final Setting Time is defined as the period elapsing between the time when water is added to cement and the time at which the needle of 1 mm square section with 5 mm diameter attachment makes an impression on the test block . 600 minutes is the maximum time specified for the final set for all the above mentioned Portland cements.
Supplementary cementing materials. Daman K. Panesar, in Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete (Second Edition), 2019 3.1.2 Slag cement. Slag cement is a by-product from blast furnaces that are used to make iron. Blast furnaces operate at a temperature of approximately 1500°C to melt iron oxide, coke, and fluxing …
Section 430-Portland Cement Concrete Pavement. If high early strengths are not desired, use granulated slag as a partial replacement for Portland cement in concrete. Follow …
The effect of a partial replacement of cement with slag cement on free shrinkage is evaluated for curing periods between 3 and 28 days. Mixtures include concrete containing different replacement levels of slag cement (30, 60, and 80% by volume) cast with limestone, granite, or quartzite coarse aggregate.
