— There are various methods for cooling molten EAF steel slag: air-cooling, air-quenching, water-spray, water-quenching and shallow box chilling [28, 29]. Around 100–160 K g of EAF slag is formed per ton of produced molten steel. For the last five years, the produced molten steel in Egypt exceeds fourteen million tons.
— GBF slag is a non-crystalline granular material that varies from the source to source depending on the quality of the raw material smelted as well as the method of production. The liquid slag is cooled and solidified by rapid water quenching to form a glassy state material with minimum probability of crystallisation.
— Studies have shown that rapid cooling of steelmaking slag can effectively reduce its f-CaO content.Li et al. [19] reported that the f-CaO content in the steelmaking slag treated by furnace cooling, air cooling, mist cooling and water quenching was 14.75%, 11.58%, 6.05%, and 2.64%, respectively.The details of CaO content will be discussed in …
— The transition to hydrogen-based reduction processes within the iron and steelmaking industry will generate new types of slag compositions that require valorization routes. Using slags as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) addresses the carbon dioxide emissions of the cement industry since the SCM requires neither calcination nor …
— However, the cracking of alloy steel parts is easily caused by water quenching and has not been solved for a long time. Therefore, oil quenching and polymer aqueous solution are still widely used in heat …
— The process of granulation is a controlled rapid quenching of the BF slag in cold water with minimum scope for crystal growth. A large volume of water is used (at a ratio of 10:1 of water and molten slag) on to the molten slag to facilitate accelerated cooling under this environment and gets converted into the amorphous particles of sand size ...
— The water quenching method includes furnace-front water quenching and outdoor water quenching. Furnace-front water quenching means pouring high …
— In stainless steel production, slag from argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) converters is dumped on to the ground and then slowly cooled. ... (reference sample obtained from water quenching of slag from the ladle). For several tests, Sample A (granulated slag) was collected as three fractions based on its locational distance from …
Rapid cooling could reduce the content of RO phase in steel slag, and the content of RO phase for the furnace cooling, air cooling, mist cooling, and water quenching samples were 28.03%, 22.53% ...
— Steel slag can be divided into five types, e. g. desiliconiza- tion slag, desulfurization slag, dephosphorization slag, converter slag and refining slag. Because wind quenching technology is not suitable to treat desili- conization slag, water quenching technology is adopted Issue 7 Life Cycle Assessment of Internal Recycling Options of …
— During water quenching process, high-pressure water is employed to shatter the molten slag. However, the water quenching methods not only fail to recover the high-temperature waste heat but also consume a huge amount of fresh water by the evaporation of 1000–1500 l of water per ton of slag [13].
— The use of the gas-quenching process for preparing porous bead slag abrasive was investigated in this paper. An X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, mercury intrusion ...
The steel industry is one of the most energy-intensive industries in China. Based on statistics of World Steel Association, China's crude steel output reaches 823 ... However, there are many defects of water-quenching slag method, which can be roughly concluded as follow: a mass of sensible heat unrecovered, high water consumption, air ...
— The water quenching granulation process, also known as the wet treatment process, is a process that uses a high-pressure water stream to quickly cool the blast …
— The relation between cooling method and the phases and stability of steel slag were carried out in the present study. The slags were first melted into liquid state at …
cracking, or soft spots. Water quenched steel parts may rust unless immediately treated with a rust preventive. TEMPERATURE The temperature at which water boils (and the maximum cooling ... In most cases, water quenching is accomplished at room tempera-ture (15-25°C). If the water is not well agitated, then highly variable
— Zhang et al. performed gas quenching steel slag experiments to investigate the mineralogical composition and microstructure of gas quenched slag particles [19]. Fan et al established the mathematical model of slag particle movement and heat transfer process to reveal that the smaller particle size can make better cooling effect [20].
— To solve high sensible heat loss problem of molten slag, three water-quenching waste heat recovery systems are proposed. For subcooled- and boiling-water-quenching systems, the condensate water can be heated. ... (SM-8)–(SM-12) (Supplementary Material). After evaluating the steel consumption of the heat exchanger, …
— Steel slag, the main solid waste in the steel-making process, is produced more than 120 million tons annually in China.Most of the steel slag was stored in the open air, which brought potential safety and environmental protection risks such as land occupation and infiltration of heavy metal components into the soil. In recent years, the …
— The molten steelmaking slag before air quenching was sampled for natural cooling in the air. Then, the molten steelmaking slag was treated by air-quenching granulation technology. The process schematic is shown in Fig. 1. The molten steelmaking slag was poured into the slag pot at an appropriate speed and flowed through the …
— The needle-shaped martensite structure can be seen. The steel C45 was quenched in water after one hour of austenitisation at 820 °C. Figure: Micrograph of a hardened steel (C45) ... While unalloyed steels usually have to be quenched in water, a milder quenching medium such as oil is sufficient for low-alloy steels. On high-alloy …
A water-quenching process is necessary for the formation of WQS particles, to enable cooling down, liquified blast furnace slag at more than 1400°C was dumped into a river. …
— Slag water-quenching processes are rapid to complete, and some of the unreleased heat energy of these processes is converted into chemical energy and …
— 1. Introduction. Given the objective of energy conservation and emission reduction in recent years, the iron and steel-making industry has emerged as a crucial sector for low-carbon transformation due to its high carbon emission, with CO 2 concentration reaching up to 20 % (Luo and He, 2021, Zhan et al., 2024, Zhao, …
— For the blast furnace, converter and electric furnace slag sensible heat, only water quenching method recovering hot water has been applied while the others are still in the experimental research stage [7]. Using the flashing water sensible heat to heat the residents in winter is the main utilization way in China.
— The cooling measures (such as, air-cooled, water and air quenching, and steam quenching) impact the crystallization process of minerals in iron slag. The rapid cooling process (e.g., water ...
The water-quenching process generated a mass of activated compositions and enhanced the stiffness of the slag. In particular, some vitreous grains were formed in this process. The chemical compositions and density of the WQS are given in Table 4.27. ... Steel slag aggregates can be acidic or basic and can leach hazardous elements ...
— how water quenching of steel slag results in products with. a high content of glassy material. Silicate melts have high. viscosity due to long molecule chains, and rearrangement.
— The fitting results of Raman spectra for glass slags obtained by quenching in water and on stainless steel plate are displayed in Fig. 2b and c, respectively. It can be seen from Fig. 2b and c that there were five symmetric bands for the two glasses, ~ 745, ~ 795, ~ 855, ~ 910, and ~ 1035 cm −1.Among them, the band at ~ 745 cm −1 and at ~ …
Steel slag mainly refers to the blast furnace slag and converter slag produced in the process of iron making and steel making, and with the increase of steel pro- ... water quenching slag, and the heat recovery rate is high, but the equipment required for production is large,thestructureiscomplex,andtheparticlediameter
— Highlights. •. Three water-quenching systems are proposed to recover waste heat from molten slag. •. The subcooled-water-quenching system can increase the …
— For example, the purpose of quenching A356 Al castings is to keep the Mg2Si from forming precipitates. If done correctly, this yields maximum strength and good elongation in castings. Quenching of steel …
— Molten slag exhausted with critically high temperature of about 1450–1550 °C is a potential resource of energy and raw materials.Water quenching is a traditional heat recovery technology, which uses cold water to cool down slag so as to achieve the desired glassy by-products.
— In essence, gas quenching slag granulation process is a gas-liquid flow atomization process which includes primary breakup and secondary breakup [31].In the primary breakup, the growth of Kelvin Helmholtz (KH) unstable wave at the gas-liquid interface causes the film to break up into ligaments [32].The size of ligaments is related …
— Water quenching is a traditional heat recovery technology, which uses cold water to cool down slag so as to achieve the desired glassy by-products. However, this technology consumes a huge amount of water and fails to recover the sensible heat of slag. To save energy and reduce water consumption, some other heat recovery technologies …
— Water quenching is an umbrella term used to describe a heat treatment process in which a heated metal component is rapidly cooled by immersing it in a water-based quenchant. There are four …
Steel slag can also be produced by smelting iron ore in a basic oxygen furnace. According to methods for cooling molten steel slag, steel slag is classified into five types: natural air-cooling steel slag, water-spray steel slag, water-quenching steel slag, air-quenching …
