Phosphogypsum Stacks. America is blessed with abundant low-cost natural gypsum. There is also an abundance of flue gas desulfurization gypsum produced as a by-product of coal-fired power plants. ... Radiation and Phosphogypsum; Radiation and Phosphoric Acid; Radioactivity and Phosphatic Clay Ponds; Phosphate Companies and EPA's Toxic …
— Phosphogypsum (PG) is a major hazardous by-product of the phosphate industry. The whole world is facing the challenge of increasing stockpiles of PG, which significantly affect safety and the environment. ... The radiation hazard indicators for PG determined by various countries, regions and organisations are shown in Table 4. There …
— Manatee County officials have issued evacuation orders for the area surrounding Florida's Piney Point in anticipation of the imminent catastrophic collapse of a phosphogypsum stack retention pond holding up to 700 million gallons of wastewater. It has been reported that 22,000 million gallons a minute are being discharged from the …
— The bill does state that any phosphogypsum-centered plans for road construction would be used "in accordance with the conditions" of the EPA's approval, which the EPA spokesperson reiterated to ...
— Mineral processing tailings (e.g., powered rock dust and phosphogypsum-PG) control the budget of NPs on a global scale and thus affect physical and biogeochemical processes in terrestrial and marine environments (Dalmora et al., 2016; Lütke et al., 2020) and the atmosphere including the nucleation of clouds (Retallack, 2011, 2012; Marshall …
2 Executive Summary: This document details the review performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Radiation Protection Division, in response to the Radiological Risk Assessment in Support of Petition for Beneficial Use of Phosphogypsum prepared for The Fertilizer Institute (TFI) (Arcadis 2019).
— The work by Zemni et al. [44] provides a study on the generation of calcium silicate and sodium sulphate, through the chemical reactions between phosphogypsum and sodium silicate.The results showed that the solid produced during the reaction can sequester CO 2.Rashad [17] assessed the effect of PG on properties such as …
— The concentrations of radioisotopes (238U, 234U, 235U, 210Po, 232Th, 40K, and 226Ra) in naturally occurring radionuclide materials were determined through gamma and alpha spectrometry. The average activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were matched with literature data from various countries. The radium equivalent value derived …
— Phosphogypsum (PG) is a major hazardous by-product of the phosphate industry. The whole world is facing the challenge of increasing stockpiles of PG, which …
— Abstract. Phosphogypsum (PG: CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) is a waste product generated by the phosphate industry. World production of this waste exceeds 200 million tonnes per year. PG, discharged into the sea, …
risks of radiation damage to human health. Despite the radioactivity known to be contained in PG, the radiation dose resulting from the use of phosphogypsum piles, and received by the workers, is ...
O'Brien (1997) assumed a 226 Ra activity concentration of 400 Bq/kg in phosphogypsum and calculated the annual effective dose from gamma radiation for a person continually occupying the room of dimensions up to 5 m × 5 m × 3 m lined from all the walls and ceiling by 10-mm wallboard, and found that it does not exceed 0.13 mSv.
— Phosphogypsum (PG) accumulates during wet-phosphoric acid production for fertilizers. In the Philippines, PG is partly (40%) utilized to produce gypsum walls and cement. This work assesses the radiological risks and resource opportunities associated with PG stacks in the Philippines. The conducted in situ radiometric survey measured …
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— PG is enriched in radioactivity mainly from the uranium, 238 U, and thorium, 232 Th. The primary environmental radiotoxic element linked to the production of …
— Wet processing causes the selective separation and concentration of naturally occurring radium (Ra), uranium (U) and thorium (Th): about 80–90% of 226 Ra is …
cal characterization of phosphogypsum (Duen˜as et al. 2010; Mitko et al. 2020; Predrag et al. 2020; Abril et al. 2009; Ousmane et al. 2021) there is limited information regarding phosphogypsum produced in Senegal. The pri-mary objectives of this study are to characterize Senegalese phosphogypsum radiologically, evaluate radiation expo-
— Although several technical studies on the radiological effects of phosphogypsum storage areas in the environment have been carried out around the world (Al Attar et al., 2011; Dueñas et al., 2010 ...
— This study contributes to sustainable construction practices by exploring the use of phosphogypsum, a commonly discarded byproduct, in the production of recycled aggregates. Addressing both environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, we investigate the feasibility of employing phosphogypsum as a primary raw material, in …
— The activity of phosphogypsum used for agricultural purposes may not exceed 10 pCi/g. An estimated 221,000 MT of phosphogypsum are taken from the phosphogypsum stacks and used in agriculture each year. There is no limitation on the amount of material that can be applied and farmers do not have to maintain certificates …
— Other Uses of Phosphogypsum. Under certain conditions, phosphogypsum may be removed from stacks for outdoor agricultural purposes or indoor research and development. Any other use of phosphogypsum requires advance permission from EPA.
— 2 Executive Summary: This document details the review performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Radiation Protection Division, in response to the Radiological Risk Assessment in Support of Petition for Beneficial Use of Phosphogypsum prepared for The Fertilizer Institute (TFI) (Arcadis …
As a source of gypsum, phosphogypsum can and does substitute natural gypsum as a soil amendment in many countries, including Australia, Brazil, and Spain, to name a few. Studies have even found that the application …
acid, 4–5 tons of phosphogypsum are produced (El Issiouy et al. 2013; Papastefanou et al. 2006). Currently, between 3 and 4 billion tons of phosphogypsum have been produced, with an annual rise of 300 million tons (Cuadri et al. 2021). The question of considering phosphogypsum as a waste or a resource has been
— Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste product generated during wet-process phosphoric acid production. Various impurities considerably reduce the purity, whiteness, and application range of PG.
— Researchers have shown growing interest in addressing the worldwide accumulation of this waste material. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact of phosphogypsum, it is crucial to explore its properties (e.g., chemistry, mineralogy, radioactivity), and how it interacts with the surrounding …
— The concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K maintained in phosphate rock (PR), phosphoric acid (PA) and phosphogypsum (PG) samples and its possible radiation hazards, have been measured. The radionuclides in phosphate rock have been redistributed unsymmetrically between phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum during the …
