— A comprehensive review of the Nd–Fe–B permanent magnet material is given. A historical survey, the basic magnetic properties of Nd 2 Fe 14 B and isomorphous compounds, a phase diagram for the ternary Nd–Fe–B system, processing techniques and magnetic properties of sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets, and the future directions for …
Permanent Magnet Materials 3 Ds Domain width on the surface of an easy-axis magnetic phase DC Direct current Eg Magnetostatic energy in the air gap Em Magnetostatic energy created by a magnetized body emf Electromagnetic force (voltage) Eout Magnetostatic energy created by a magnetized body outside of that body fr Rotational frequency of the …
— A permanent magnet (PM), also called hard magnet, is a piece of material that creates a magnetic field outside that material without the need for any external …
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— The properties of all these materials will be compared and discussed in terms of magnetic exchange interaction and crystal-field theory. A substantial part of the paper will be devoted to permanent magnet fabrication and includes a discussion of the various coercivity mechanisms and their relation to the microstructure.
— Magnetic materials are attracted to a magnet and may even become magnetized. Nearly all magnetic materials are metals. Familiar examples of magnetic metals include iron, nickel, cobalt, and steel. But, magnetism is a complex phenomenon. ... The strongest permanent magnetic metal you can buy is a neodymium (Nd) magnet. …
— Permanent magnets (PMs) produce magnetic fields and maintain the field even in the presence of an opposing magnetic field. Electrical machines using …
— For generic permanent magnetic material, the coercive force decreases with the temperature increasing, i.e., β is negative. However, in some RE-Co magnets (RE represents the rare earth), it was also found that at a certain temperature range, the coercive force increased with the temperature increasing, i.e., β is positive. The coercive …
— Schematic configuration of two hard-soft magnetic composites, with variable dimensions of the soft inclusions, (a) d max s ≤ 2 δ h O and (b) d max s > 2 δ h O, respectively.
— The first category of permanent magnets is alloy permanent magnet materials, including rare earth permanent magnet materials, such as Nd2Fe14B, SmCo, and AlNiCo. The second category of permanent …
A permanent magnet is always magnetic. It has an invisible magnetic field. Only certain materials, such as iron, feel a magnetic force. Permanent magnets can come in lots of different shapes and ...
This article discusses the chief magnetic characteristics of permanent magnet materials. It provides a detailed description on nominal compositions; principal magnet designations; magnetic, physical, and mechanical properties; selection criteria; and applications of the permanent magnet materials, which include magnet steels, magnet alloys, alnico alloys, …
The origin of magnetism lies in the orbital and spin motions of electrons and how the electrons interact with one another. The best way to introduce the different types of magnetism is to describe how materials respond to magnetic fields. This may be surprising to some, but all matter is magnetic. It's just that some materials are much more magnetic …
Magnet: A material that produces a magnetic field. Soft Magnetic Material: A material that in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field exhibits its own magnetism. When the external field is removed it no longer exhibits a magnetic field. Permanent Magnet: A material that, once magnetized, continues to exhibit an external magnetic field in the …
Dexter offers Permanent Magnets Materials that can play into the innovative devices of today's markets, rare earth permanent magnets. Visit us today! ... Many factors affect the choice of magnetic material, such as operating temperature, size, weight constraints, environmental concerns and required magnetic energy. ...
— Today's permanent magnet market is dominated by (Ba, Sr)Fe 12 O 19 at the low energy product end (ca. 35 % market share) and by Nd–Fe –B in the realm of high-performance materials (more than 50 % market share). The magnetization and Curie temperature of both materials are largely provided by the Fe, which is a very cheap …
— In this chapter, we are presenting the developments in permanent magnetic materials and their processing techniques. We discuss different alloy systems, rare-earth (RE) Nd-Fe-B, Sm-Co based materials, RE lean 1:12 alloys, and RE-free alloys which have attracted renewed research interest due to the recent RE crisis.
New materials. Before the discovery of the neodymium magnet, the strongest permanent magnet was the samarium–cobalt magnet, which was based on the Sm 2 Co 17 intermetallic phase. However ...
— Ferrite permanent magnet materials can be divided into sintered ferrite, bonded ferrite, and injection ferrite according to their different production processes. In addition, Cu-Ni-Fe, Fe-Co-Mo, Fe-Co …
This, of course, is a necessary quality for a permanent magnet. REVIEW: Lodestone (also called Magnetite) is a naturally-occurring "permanent" magnet mineral. By "permanent," it is meant that the material maintains a magnetic field with no external help. The characteristic of any magnetic material to do so is called retentivity.
— A temporary magnet is a magnet that acts like a permanent magnet when in a magnetic field, but loses its magnetic properties when out of a magnetic field. Under certain conditions, temporary magnets preserve their magnetic properties. If these conditions no longer exist, the magnetic fields will disappear. Examples of temporary magnets include ...
— Permanent magnets and hard magnetic materials. H R Kirchmayr 1. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Volume 29, Number 11 Citation H R Kirchmayr 1996 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29 2763 DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/29/11/007
— Permanent magnets are magnets with magnetic fields that do not dissipate under normal circumstances. They are made from hard ferromagnetic materials, which are resistant to becoming demagnetized. Permanent magnets can be used for decoration (refrigerator magnets), for magnetic separation, or in electric motors and ...
— A permanent-magnet material should maintain high coercivities H c and high remanent magnetization M r at elevated temperatures, typically up to 453 K for high-performance motor applications. As shown in Fig. 12 c, appreciable values of H c and M r are observed for the nanoparticles of Zr 2 Co 11 ...
Permanent magnets are materials that retain their magnetic properties after having been exposed to a magnetic field. They are found in a great variety of materials used in a …
A permanent magnet is a material that can provide magnetic flux when magnetized with an applied magnetic field and its magnetism capability is characterized by two key parameters: remanence and coercitivity. In …
This handbook presents a comprehensive survey of magnetism and magnetic materials that summarize the state of the art in this vast field within.
— Ferrites or ceramic magnets: These are like those used in refrigerator magnets and elementary-school science experiments.They contain iron oxide and other metals in a ceramic composite. A ceramic magnet known as lodestone, or magnetite, was the first magnetic material discovered and occurs naturally.Even though the ceramic …
Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets. This means the compound shows permanent magnetic properties rather than exhibiting them only in the …
The permanent magnets which have produced the largest magnetic flux with the smallest mass are the rare earth magnets based on samarium and neodymium. Their high …
